The skin is the largest human organ and the first line of defense against external factors. Its condition largely depends on the environment in which we live. Air pollution, climate, lifestyle or cosmetics used affect not only the appearance of the skin, but also the microbiome – the natural community of microorganisms that protects and supports its health. Disruption of this balance can promote the development or exacerbation of diseases such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis (AD), acne vulgaris and rosacea.
Environmental pollution
Smog, particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10), exhaust fumes or ozone weaken the skin barrier, increase oxidative stress and inflammatory processes.
- Psoriasis – more frequent exacerbations and itching.
- AD – worse skin immunity, greater colonization by pathogenic bacteria.
- Acne vulgaris – increased sebum production and clogged pores.
- Rosacea – increased vascular hyper-reactivity, increased erythema.
At the same time, smog disrupts the skin microbiome, reducing the number of beneficial bacteria.
Climate and weather conditions
- Dry air in heated rooms in winter weakens the epidermal barrier, worsening AD and psoriasis.
- High temperatures and sweat aggravate acne and AD lesions.
- Cold weather promotes exacerbations of psoriasis and atopy.
- UV radiation – in small doses has beneficial effects (e.g., in the treatment of psoriasis), but can aggravate erythema and damage the microbiome.
Lifestyle and urbanization
A diet poor in fresh produce, chronic stress and a fast pace of life increase the risk of skin disease exacerbations. Lack of contact with nature, characteristic of the urban environment, reduces the diversity of the skin microbiome, which translates into lower resistance to inflammation.
Chemistry and care
Aggressive detergents, cleaning products or excessive hygiene weaken the natural hydrolipid barrier. As a result:
- In AD – the skin barrier becomes more permeable, which promotes irritation,
- In acne – too much cleansing can exacerbate oiliness and dysbiosis of the microbiome.
Skin microbiome vs. environment
The microbiome is a collection of bacteria, fungi and viruses that live on our skin. Its balance is essential for proper skin function and protection against disease.
- Environment – contact with plants, soil and animals promotes microbial diversity and supports skin health.
- Urban environment – limited exposure to microorganisms and frequent contact with pollutants lead to a poorer microbiome and greater susceptibility to inflammation.
Summary
The environment has a direct impact on the health of the skin and microbiome. Smog, climate, chemicals and lifestyle can exacerbate symptoms of chronic diseases – such as psoriasis, AD, acne vulgaris and rosacea. In contrast, contact with nature, a healthy diet, moderate sun exposure and gentle skin care help balance the skin and support its microbiome.
